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Terrence Steven "Steve" McQueen
(March 24, 1930 – November 7, 1980) was an American
movie actor nicknamed "The King of Cool." His
"anti-hero" persona, which he developed at the height of
the Vietnam counterculture, made him one of the top
box-office draws of the 1960s and 1970s. After appearing
in the 1974 film The Towering Inferno, he became the
highest paid movie star in the world. Although McQueen
was combative with directors and producers, his
popularity put him in high demand and enabled him to
command large salaries.
He was an avid racer of both motorcycles and cars. While
he studied acting, he supported himself partly by
competing in weekend motorcycle races and bought his
first motorcycle with his winnings. He is recognized for
performing many of his own stunts, especially the
majority of the stunt driving during the high-speed
chase scene in Bullitt. Additionally, McQueen designed
and patented a bucket seat for race cars. |
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McQueen was born Terrence Steven McQueen in Beech
Grove, Indiana, a suburban community bordering Indianapolis, in Marion
County. His father, William, a stunt pilot for a barnstorming flying
circus, abandoned McQueen and his mother when McQueen was six months old.
His mother, Julia, was a young, rebellious alcoholic. Unable to cope with
bringing up a small child, she left him with her parents (Victor and
Lillian) in Slater, Missouri, in 1933. Shortly thereafter, as the Great
Depression set in, McQueen and his grandparents moved in with Lillian's
brother Claude on the latter's farm in Slater.
McQueen had good memories of the time spent on his Great Uncle Claude's
farm. In recalling Claude, McQueen stated "He was a very good man, very
strong, very fair. I learned a lot from him." On McQueen's fourth
birthday, Claude gave him a red tricycle, which McQueen later claimed
started his interest in racing. At age 8, he was taken back by his mother
and lived with her and her new husband in Indianapolis. McQueen retained a
special memory of leaving the farm: "The day I left the farm Uncle Claude
gave me a personal going-away present; a gold pocket watch, with an
inscription inside the case." The inscription read: "To Steve-- who has
been a son to me."
McQueen, who was dyslexic and partially deaf as a result of a childhood
ear infection, did not adjust well to his new life. Within a couple of
years he was running with a street gang and committing acts of petty
crime. Unable to control McQueen's behavior, his mother sent him back
to Slater again. A couple of years later, when McQueen was 12, Julia wrote
to Claude asking that McQueen be returned to her once again, to live in
her new home in Los Angeles, California. Julia, whose second marriage had
ended in divorce, had married a third time.
This would begin an unsettled period in McQueen's life. By McQueen's own
account, he and his new stepfather, "locked horns immediately." McQueen
recounted him as "a prime son of a bitch," who was not averse to using his
fists on both McQueen and his mother.As McQueen began to rebel once again,
he was sent back to live with Claude a final time. At age 14, McQueen left
Claude's farm without saying goodbye and joined a circus for a short time, after which he slowly drifted back to his mother and
stepfather in Los Angeles, and resumed his life as a gang member and petty
criminal. On one occasion, McQueen was caught stealing hubcaps by police
who proceeded to hand him over to his stepfather. The latter proceeded to
beat McQueen severely and ended the fight by throwing McQueen down a
flight of stairs. McQueen looked up at his stepfather and said, "You lay
your stinkin' hands on me again and I swear, I'll kill ya."
After this, McQueen's stepfather convinced Julia to sign a court order
stating that McQueen was incorrigible and remanding him to the California
Junior Boys Republic in Chino Hills, California.[5] Here, McQueen slowly
began to change and mature. He was not popular with the other boys at
first: "Say the boys had a chance once a month to load into a bus and go
into town to see a movie. And they lost out because one guy in the
bungalow didn't get his work done right. Well, you can pretty well guess
they're gonna have something to say about that. I paid his dues with the
other fellows quite a few times. I got my lumps, no doubt about it. The
other guys in the bungalow had ways of paying you back for interfering
with their well-being."Ultimately, however, McQueen decided to give
Boys Republic a fair shot. He became a role model for the other boys when
he was elected to the Boys Council, a group who made the rules and
regulations governing the boys' lives.(He would eventually leave Boys
Republic at 16 and when he later became famous, he regularly returned to
talk to the boys there. He also personally responded to every letter he
received from the boys there, and retained a lifelong association.)
After McQueen left Chino, he returned to Julia, now living in Greenwich
Village, but almost immediately left again. He then met two sailors from
the Merchant Marine and volunteered to serve on a ship bound for the
Dominican Republic.Once there, he abandoned his new post, eventually
making his way to
Texas, and drifted from job to job. He worked as a towel
boy in a brothel, on an oil rigger, as a trinket salesman in a carnival
and as a lumberjack.
Military service
In 1947, McQueen joined the United States Marine Corps and was quickly
promoted to Private First Class and assigned to an armored unit.
Initially, he reverted to his prior rebelliousness, and as a result was
busted to Private on seven different occasions. Additionally, he went AWOL
by failing to return after a weekend pass had expired. He instead stayed
away with a girlfriend for two weeks, until the shore patrol caught him.
He responded to his captors by resisting them and as a result spent 41
days in the brig.
After this, McQueen resolved to focus his energies on self-improvement and
embraced the Marines' discipline. He saved the lives of 5 other Marines
during an Arctic exercise, pulling them from a tank before it broke
through ice into the sea. He was also assigned to an honor guard
responsible for guarding then-US President Harry Truman's yacht.
McQueen served until 1950 when he was honorably discharged.
Acting career
In 1952, with financial assistance provided by the G.I. Bill, McQueen
began studying acting at Sanford Meisner's Neighborhood Playhouse.He also
began to earn money by competing in weekend motorcycle races at Long
Island City Raceway and soon purchased the first of many motorcycles, a
used Harley Davidson. He soon became an excellent racer, and came home
each weekend with about $100 in winnings.
After several roles in productions including Peg o' My Heart, The Member
of the Wedding, and Two Fingers of Pride, McQueen landed his first film
role in Somebody Up There Likes Me, directed by Robert Wise and starring
Paul Newman. He made his Broadway debut in 1955 in the play A Hatful of
Rain, starring Ben Gazzara. When McQueen appeared in a two-part
television presentation entitled The Defenders, Hollywood manager Hilly
Elkins (who managed McQueen's first wife, Neile) took note of him and
decided that B-movies would be a good place for the young actor to make
his mark. McQueen was subsequently hired to appear in the films Never Love
a Stranger, The Blob, and The Great St. Louis Bank Robbery.
Wanted: Dead or Alive
McQueen's first breakout role would not come in film, but on TV. Elkins
successfully lobbied Vincent M. Fennelly, producer of the Western series
Trackdown, to have McQueen read for the part of a bounty hunter named Josh
Randall in a new pilot for a Trackdown companion series. The Josh Randall
character, played by Robert Culp, was introduced in an episode of
Trackdown, after which McQueen filmed the pilot episode. The pilot was
approved for a new series now titled Wanted: Dead or Alive, on CBS, in
September 1958.
McQueen would ultimately make this role his own and become a household
name as a result. Randall's holster held a sawed-off Winchester rifle
nicknamed the "Mare's Leg" instead of the standard six-gun carried by the
typical Western character. This added to the anti-hero image of an
offbeat-looking hero infused with a mixture of mystery, alienation, and
detachment that made this show stand out from the typical TV Western.
Ninety-four episodes, filmed at Apacheland Studio from 1958 until early
1961, kept McQueen steadily employed in television.
Never So Few
At 29, McQueen got his most significant break when Frank Sinatra removed
Sammy Davis, Jr. from the film Never So Few, and Davis' role went to
McQueen. Sinatra saw something special in McQueen and ensured that the
young actor got plenty of good shots and close-ups in a role that earned
McQueen favorable reviews. McQueen's character, "Bill Ringa," like the
characters he would come to play, brought a new kind of "cool" to the
screen and was never more comfortable than when driving at high speed — in
this case at the wheel of a jeep. John Sturges directed this film and then
used McQueen in The Magnificent Seven a year later and as the lead in
The
Great Escape in 1963.
The Magnificent Seven
After Never So Few, director John Sturges cast McQueen in his next movie,
promising to "give him the camera."
The Magnificent Seven
(1960), with
Yul
Brynner,
Robert Vaughn,
Charles Bronson and James Coburn, became McQueen's
first major hit, and led to his withdrawal from his own successful
television series,
Wanted: Dead or Alive. McQueen's focused portrayal of
the taciturn second lead catapulted his career.
The Great Escape
McQueen's next big film, 1963's The Great Escape, told the true story of a
historical mass escape from a World War II POW camp. Insurance concerns
prevented McQueen from performing the film's widely noted motorcycle leap,
which was instead done by his friend and fellow cycle enthusiast Bud Ekins
who resembled McQueen from a distance. When Johnny Carson later tried
to congratulate McQueen for the jump during a broadcast of The Tonight
Show, McQueen said, "It wasn't me. That was Bud Ekins." It was this film
that established McQueen's box-office clout.
Later films
In 1963, McQueen starred with Natalie Wood in Love With The Proper
Stranger. In 1966 McQueen appeared in a prequel as the titular Nevada
Smith, a character from Harold Robbins' The Carpetbaggers who had been
portrayed by Alan Ladd two years earlier in a movie version of the novel.
McQueen also earned his only Academy Award nomination in 1966 for his role
as a ship's mechanic in the film The Sand Pebbles.

Steve McQueen's
Mustang in Bullitt
He followed his Oscar nomination with another successful film, 1968's
Bullitt, which featured an unprecedented (and endlessly imitated) auto
chase through San Francisco. McQueen did all his own stunt driving with
the exception of the Chestnut Street flying jumps (with Bud Ekins again
doubling McQueen) and the gas-station crash gag (Carey Loftin doubling
McQueen).
In 1969, McQueen starred in The Reivers. McQueen also appeared in the 1971
car race drama Le Mans, and in The Getaway in 1972. He played the leading
role in Junior Bonner in 1972, and in 1973's Papillon.
By the time of The Getaway, McQueen was the world's highest paid actor.
After 1974's The Towering Inferno, co-starring with his long-time personal
friend and professional rival Paul Newman, McQueen did not return to film
until 1978 with An Enemy of the People playing against type as a
heavily-bearded, bespectacled doctor, in this adaptation of the Henrik
Ibsen play. The film was little seen. His last films were Tom Horn and The
Hunter, both released in 1980.
Missed roles
McQueen was offered the lead role in Breakfast at Tiffany's but was unable
to accept due to his Wanted: Dead or Alive contract (the role went to
George Peppard). He also turned down Ocean's Eleven,
Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (his attorneys and agents couldn't
agree with Paul Newman's attorneys and agents on who got top billing),The
Driver, Apocalypse Now, California Split, and Dirty Harry and The
French Connection (McQueen didn't want to do another cop film).
He was also the first choice for director Steven Spielberg for his film
Close Encounters of the Third Kind. According to Spielberg on a
documentary on the Close Encounters DVD, Spielberg met McQueen at a bar,
where McQueen drank beer after beer. Before leaving the bar, McQueen told
Spielberg that he could not accept the role because he was unable to cry
on film. The role eventually went to Richard Dreyfuss.
McQueen expressed interest in starring in First Blood when David Morrell's
novel appeared in 1972, but the producers eventually rejected him because
of his age. He was offered the title role in The Bodyguard when
it was first proposed in 1976, but the film didn't reach production until
years after McQueen's death.
Quigley Down Under was in development as
early as 1974, and both McQueen and
Clint Eastwood were considered for the
lead, but by the time production began in 1980, McQueen was too ill and
the project was scrapped until a decade later, when Tom Selleck played the
starring role.
Motor racing
McQueen was an avid motorcycle and racecar enthusiast. When he had the
opportunity to drive in a movie, he often did so himself, performing many
of his own stunts.
Perhaps the most memorable were the classic chase in Bullitt and the
motorcycle chase scene in The Great Escape. Although the jump over the
fence in The Great Escape was actually done by Bud Ekins for insurance
purposes, McQueen did have a considerable amount of screen time riding his
motorcycle. According to the commentary track on
The Great Escape DVD, it
was difficult to find riders as skilled as McQueen and at one point in the
film, due to clever editing, McQueen is seen in a German uniform chasing
himself on another bike.
Together with John Sturges, McQueen planned to make Day of the Champion, a movie about Formula One racing. He was busy with the
delayed The Sand Pebbles, though. They had a contract with the German Nürburgring, and after John Frankenheimer shot scenes there for Grand
Prix, the reels had to be turned over to Sturges. Frankenheimer was ahead
in schedule anyway, and the McQueen/Sturges project was called off.
During his acting career, McQueen considered becoming a professional race
car driver. In the 1970 12 Hours of Sebring race, Peter Revson and McQueen
(driving with a cast on his left foot from a motorcycle accident two weeks
before) won with a Porsche 908/02 in the 3 litre class and missed winning
overall by a scant 23 seconds to Mario Andretti/Ignazio Giunti/Nino
Vaccarella in a 5 litre Ferrari 512S. The same Porsche 908 was entered by
his production company Solar Productions as a camera car for Le Mans in
the 1970 24 Hours of Le Mans later that year. McQueen wanted to drive a
Porsche 917 with Jackie Stewart in that race, but his film backers
threatened to pull their support if he drove. Faced with the choice of
driving for 24 hours in the race or driving the entire summer making the
film, McQueen opted to do the latter.[26] However, the film was a box
office flop that almost ruined McQueen's career. In addition, McQueen
himself admitted that he almost died while filming the movie. Nonetheless,
today, Le Mans is considered to be the most historically realistic,
accurate, and dramatic representation of one of the most famous periods in
the history of the race, as well as being considered one of the greatest
auto racing movies of all time.
McQueen also competed in off-road motorcycle racing. His first off-road
motorcycle was a Triumph 500cc that he purchased from friend and stunt man
Bud Ekins. McQueen raced in many of the top off-road races on the West
Coast during the '60s and early 1970s, including the Baja 1000, the Mint
400 and the Elsinore Grand Prix. In 1964, he represented the United States
in the International Six Days Trial, a form of off-road motorcycling
Olympics. He was inducted in the Off-road Motorsports Hall of Fame in
1978. In 1971, Solar Productions funded the now-classic motorcycle
documentary On Any Sunday, in which McQueen himself is featured, along
with racing legends Mert Lawwill and Malcolm Smith. Also in 1971, McQueen
was on the cover of Sports Illustrated magazine riding a Husqvarna dirt
bike.
McQueen was interested in collecting classic motorcycles. By the time of
his death, his collection included over 100 motorcycles and was valued in
the millions of dollars.
In a segment filmed for
The Ed Sullivan Show, McQueen drove Sullivan
around a desert area in a dune buggy at high speed. At the end of the
trip, all the breathless Sullivan could say was, "That was a helluva
ride!"
He owned several exotic sports cars, including:
* Porsche 917, Porsche 908 and Ferrari 512 race cars from the Le Mans
film.
* 1963 Ferrari 250 Lusso
Berlinetta
* Jaguar D-Type XKSS (Right-Hand Drive)
* Porsche 356 Speedster
To his dismay, McQueen was never able to own the legendary Ford Mustang GT
that he drove in Bullitt, which featured a highly-modified drivetrain that
suited McQueen's driving style. There were two cars used for filming.
According to the October 2006 issue of Motor Trend Classic, in its cover
story on the film, one of the cars was so badly damaged during filming it
was judged to be unrepairable, and scrapped. The second car still exists,
but the owner has consistently refused to sell it at any price. The owner
plans a "minimal restoration" to make the car roadworthy, yet still retain
the original patina.
Personal life
McQueen's height is disputed. He was officially listed as 5'10", but some
people, including film critic Barry Norman, have said McQueen's height was
in fact only 5'7". He had a daily two-hour exercise regimen, involving
weightlifting and at one point running five miles, seven days a week.
McQueen also learned the martial art Tang Soo Do from ninth degree black
belt Pat E. Johnson. However, he was also known for his prolific drug
use (William Claxton claimed he smoked marijuana almost every day; others
said he used a tremendous amount of cocaine in the early 1970s). In
addition, like many actors of his era, he was a heavy cigarette smoker.
McQueen served as one of the pallbearers at Bruce Lee's funeral in 1973.
Chuck Norris and
Bruce Lee taught McQueen and his son, Chad, Taekwondo and
Jeet Kune Do, respectively. Later on, McQueen persuaded Norris to attend
acting classes.
After Charles Manson incited the murder of five people, including
McQueen's close friends Sharon Tate and Jay Sebring, at Tate's home on
August 9, 1969, it was reported that McQueen was another potential target
of the killers. According to his first wife, McQueen then began carrying a
handgun at all times in public, including at Sebring's funeral.
McQueen had an unusual reputation for demanding free items in bulk from
studios when agreeing to do a film, such as electric razors, jeans and
several other products. It was later found out that McQueen requested
these things because he was donating them to the Boy's Republic
reformatory school for displaced youth, where he had spent time during his
teen years. McQueen made occasional visits to the school to spend time
with the students, often to play pool and to speak with them about his
experiences.
After discovering a mutual interest in
racing, McQueen and
his Great Escape co-star
James
Garner became good friends. Garner lived directly down the hill from
McQueen and, as McQueen recalled, "I could see that Jim was very neat
around his place. Flowers trimmed, no papers in the yard ... grass always
cut. So, just to piss him off, I'd start lobbing empty beer cans down the
hill into his driveway. He'd have his drive all spic 'n' span when he left
the house, then get home to find all these empty cans. Took him a long
time to figure out it was me".
McQueen was conservative in his political views and often backed the
Republican Party. He supported the Vietnam War, was one of the few
Hollywood stars who refused numerous requests to back Presidential hopeful
Robert Kennedy, in 1968, and turned down the chance to participate in the
1963 March on Washington. When McQueen heard a rumor that he had been
added to Nixon's Enemies List, he responded by immediately flying a giant
American flag outside his house. Reportedly, his wife Ali McGraw responded
to the whole affair by saying, "But you're the most patriotic person I
know."
McQueen commanded such celebrity status in the United Kingdom that when
visiting Chelsea Football Club to watch a match, he was personally
introduced to the players in the dressing room during the half-time break.
Barbara Minty McQueen in her book, Steve McQueen: The Last Mile, writes of
McQueen becoming an Evangelical Christian toward the end of his life.[28]
This was due in part to the influences of his flying instructor, Sammy
Mason and his son Pete, and Barbara.[29] McQueen attended his local
church, Ventura Missionary Church, and was visited by evangelist Billy
Graham shortly before his death.
Hobbies
* Was an avid dirt bike rider.
* Was to co-drive in a Triumph 2500 PI for the British Leyland team in the
1970 London-Mexico rally, but had to turn it down due to movie
commitments.
* Owned and flew a 1931 Pitcairn PA-8 biplane, once flown as part of the
U.S. Mail Service by famed World War I flying ace, Eddie Rickenbacker. It
was hangared at Santa Paula Airport an hour northwest of Hollywood.
Marriages
McQueen was married three times. He married Manila-born actress Neile
Adams on November 2, 1956 (divorced 1972), by whom he had a daughter,
Terry (born June 5, 1959; died at 38 on March 19, 1998 as a result of
hemochromatosis, a condition in which the body produces too much iron
destroying the liver), and a son, Chad McQueen (born December 28, 1960 and
now an actor—as is his grandson, Steven R. McQueen, born 1988). McQueen
has 3 other grandchildren: Chase (born in 1995) and Madison (born in 1997)
to Chad; and Molly Flattery (born 1987) to Terry.
On August 31, 1973 he married his Getaway co-star, Ali MacGraw, with whom
he had a passionate but tumultuous relationship (she left her husband,
film producer Robert Evans, for McQueen). They were divorced in 1978. His
third wife was model Barbara Minty, whom he married on January 16, 1980,
less than a year before his death.
Death
McQueen died at the age of 50 in Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico,
following an operation to remove or reduce a metastatic tumor in his
stomach.[citation needed] He had been diagnosed with mesothelioma (a type
of cancer associated with asbestos exposure), in December 1979, and had
traveled to Playas de Rosarito, Baja California, in July 1980, for
unconventional treatment after U.S. doctors advised him that they could do
nothing to prolong his life.[31] Controversy arose over McQueen's Mexican
trip, because McQueen sought a very non-traditional treatment that used
coffee enemas, frequent shampoos, injection of live cells from cows and
sheep, massage and laetrile, a supposedly "natural" anti-cancer drug
available in Mexico, but not approved by the U.S. Food and Drug
Administration. McQueen was treated by William Donald Kelley, whose only
medical license had been (until it was revoked in 1976) for
orthodontistry. Kelley's methods (both medical and promotional [33])
created a sensation in both the traditional and tabloid press when it
became known that McQueen was a patient.Despite metastasis of the cancer
to much of McQueen's body, Kelley publicly announced that McQueen would be
completely cured and return to normal life. However, McQueen's condition
worsened and a "huge" tumor developed in his stomach. In late October
1980, McQueen flew to Ciudad Juarez to have the five-pound abdominal tumor
removed, despite the warnings of his U.S. doctors that the tumor was
inoperable and that his heart would not withstand the surgery. McQueen
died of cardiac arrest one day after the operation. Shortly before his
death, McQueen had given a medical interview in which he blamed his
condition on asbestos exposure. While McQueen felt that asbestos used in
movie soundstage insulation and race-drivers' protective suits and helmets
could have been involved, he believed his illness was a direct result of
massive exposure while removing asbestos lagging from pipes aboard a troop
ship during his time in the Marines.
A memorial service was presided over by Leonard DeWitt of the Ventura
Missionary Church. McQueen was cremated, and his ashes spread in the
Pacific Ocean.
Posthumously, McQueen remains one of the most popular stars, and his
estate limits the licensing of his image to avoid the commercial
saturation experienced by some other deceased celebrities. McQueen's
personality and trademark rights are managed by GreenLight, LLC, A Corbis
Company. In 1999, McQueen was inducted into the Motorcycle Hall of Fame.
Memorabilia
The blue tinted sunglasses (Persol 714) worn by McQueen in the 1968 movie
The Thomas Crown Affair sold at a Bonhams & Butterfields auction in Los
Angeles for $70,200 in 2006.[40] One of his motorcycles, a 1937 Crocker,
sold for a world-record price of $276,500 at the same auction. McQueen's
1963 metallic-brown Ferrari 250 GT Berlinetta Lusso sold for $2.31 million
USD at auction on August 16, 2007.The Rolex Explorer 2 Reference 1655,
is also now so-called Rolex Steve McQueen in the horology collectors
world.
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