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Twilight is a 2008
romantic-fantasy film directed by Catherine Hardwicke and based on the
novel of the same name by Stephenie Meyer. The film stars Kristen Stewart
as Bella Swan, a teenage girl, who falls in love with vampire Edward
Cullen, as played by Robert Pattinson. The project was in development for
approximately three years at Paramount Pictures before it was put into
pre-production by Summit Entertainment. The novel was adapted for the
screen by Melissa Rosenberg in the autumn of 2007, shortly before the
2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike. The film was primarily shot in
Washington and Oregon during the winter and spring of 2008. Twilight was
released in theaters on November 21, 2008, and grossed $35.7 million on
its opening day. The soundtrack was released on November 4, 2008.
Cast
The Cullens and the Swans
* Kristen Stewart as Bella Swan, a seventeen-year-old girl who moves to
the small town of Forks, Washington, from Phoenix, Arizona, about halfway
through her junior year of high school.
* Robert Pattinson as Edward Cullen, a 108-year-old vampire who appears to
be seventeen. He is Bella's love interest and has the ability to read
minds (except Bella's), along with superhuman speed and strength.
* Peter Facinelli as Carlisle Cullen, a compassionate "300-plus years
[old]" vampire who looks to be in his mid-20s. He serves as the town's
physician and is the father figure of the Cullen family.
* Elizabeth Reaser as Esme Cullen, Carlisle's vampire wife and a mother
figure to the Cullen family.
* Ashley Greene as Alice Cullen, a vampire who can see the future based on
decisions that people make.
* Jackson Rathbone as Jasper Hale, a member of the Cullen family who can
manipulate emotions. He has the most difficulty maintaining the Cullens'
lifestyle of not feeding on humans.
* Nikki Reed as Rosalie Hale, a member of the Cullen family, described as
the most beautiful person in the world.
* Kellan Lutz as Emmett Cullen, the strongest vampire of the family.
* Billy Burke as Charlie Swan, Bella's father and Forks' Chief of Police.
The Cullens as portrayed by Lutz (Emmett), Reed (Rosalie), Reaser (Esme),
Pattinson (Edward), Facinelli (Carlisle), Greene (Alice), and Rathbone
(Jasper).
Nomadic Vampires
* Cam Gigandet as James, the leader of a group of nomadic vampires who
intends to kill Bella.
* Rachelle Lefèvre as Victoria, James' mate who assists him in finding
Bella.
* Edi Gathegi as Laurent, the most civilized member of James' coven.
Humans
* Sarah Clarke as Renée Dwyer, Bella's mother who lives in Arizona with
her new husband, Phil.
* Matt Bushell as Phil Dwyer, Bella's stepfather who plays minor-league
baseball in Florida.
* Taylor Lautner as Jacob Black, an old childhood friend of Bella's and a
member of the Quileute tribe.
* Gil Birmingham as Billy Black, Jacob's father and a friend of Charlie's.
* Solomon Trimble as Sam Uley, a member of the Quileute tribe.
* Christian Serratos as Angela Weber, one of Bella's new friends in Forks.
* Michael Welch as Mike Newton, one of Bella's new friends who vies for
her attention.
* Anna Kendrick as Jessica Stanley, Bella's first friend in Forks.
* Gregory Tyree Boyce as Tyler Crowley, another one of Bella's classmates,
also vying for Bella's attention. (He nearly hits Bella with his van.)
* Justin Chon as Eric Yorkie, another one of Bella's classmates who vies
for her attention.
* Ned Bellamy as Waylon Forge, one of Charlie's friends at the police
station; this character is not featured in the novel.
* José Zúñiga as Mr. Molina, Bella's biology teacher at Forks High School;
in the novel, this character's name is Mr. Banner.
* Stephenie Meyer makes a cameo appearance as a customer in the diner
where Bella and her father frequently eat.
Production
They could have filmed [the script developed when the project was at
Paramount] and not called it Twilight because it had nothing to do with
the book... When Summit [Entertainment] came into the picture, they were
so open to letting us make rules for them, like "Okay, Bella cannot be a
track star. Bella cannot have a gun or night vision goggles. And, no jet
skis...."
—Twilight author Stephenie Meyer
Development
Stephenie Meyer's paranormal romance novel Twilight was originally
optioned by Paramount Pictures' MTV Films in April 2004, but the
screenplay that was subsequently developed was substantially different
from its source material. When Summit Entertainment reinvented itself as a
full-service studio in April 2007, it began development of a film
adaptation anew,having picked up the rights from Paramount in a
turnaround. The company perceived the film as an opportunity to launch a
franchise based on the success of Meyer's book and its sequels. That
summer, Catherine Hardwicke was hired to direct the film and Melissa
Rosenberg to write the script.
Rosenberg developed an outline by the end of August, and collaborated with
Hardwicke on writing the screenplay during the following month. "[She] was
a great sounding board and had all sorts of brilliant ideas.... I'd finish
off scenes and send them to her, and get back her notes." Due to the
impending WGA strike, Rosenberg worked full-time to finish the screenplay
before October 31. In adapting the novel, she "had to condense a great
deal." Some characters from the novel were not featured in the screenplay,
whereas some characters were combined into others. "[O]ur intent all along
was to stay true to the book," Rosenberg explained, "and it has to do less
with adapting it word for word and more with making sure the characters'
arcs and emotional journeys are the same." Hardwicke suggested the use of
voice over to convey the protagonist's internal dialogue – since the novel
is told from Bella's point of view – and she sketched some of the
storyboards during pre-production.
Casting
Kristen Stewart was on the set of Adventureland when Hardwicke visited her
for an informal screen test which "captivated" the director. Hardwicke
did not initially choose Robert Pattinson for the role of Edward Cullen,
but after an audition at her home with Stewart, Hardwicke chose him.
Pattinson was unfamiliar with the novel series prior to his screen test
but read the books later on.Meyer allowed him to view a manuscript of the
unfinished Midnight Sun, which chronicles the events in Twilight from
Edward's point of view.Fan reaction to Pattinson's casting as Edward
was initially negative; Rachelle Lefèvre remarked that "[e]very woman had
their own Edward [that] they had to let go of before they could open up to
[him], which they did." Meyer was "excited" and "ecstatic" in response to
the casting of the two main characters.
When they told me Rob was probably the one, I looked him up and thought,
"Yeah, he can do a version of Edward. He’s definitely got that vampire
thing going on." And then, when I was on set and I got to watch him go
from being Rob to shifting into being Edward, and he actually looked like
the Edward in my head, it was a really bizarre experience. [...] He really
had it nailed.
—Twilight author Stephenie Meyer
Peter Facinelli was not originally cast as Carlisle Cullen. "[Hardwicke]
liked [him], but there was another actor that the studio was pushing
for."For unknown reasons, that actor was not able to play the part, and
Facinelli was selected in his place. Nikki Reed had previously worked with
Hardwicke on thirteen, which they wrote together, and Lords of Dogtown. "I
don't want to say it's a coincidence, because we do work well together,
and we have a great history. I think we make good work, but it's more that
the people that hire [Hardwicke] to direct a film of theirs [have] most
likely seen her other work."
Kellan Lutz was in Africa shooting the HBO miniseries Generation Kill when
the auditions for the character of Emmett Cullen were conducted. The role
had already been cast by the time that production ended in December 2007,
but the actor who had been selected "fell through"; Lutz subsequently
auditioned and was flown to Oregon, where Hardwicke personally chose him. Rachelle Lefèvre was interested in pursuing a role in the film
because Hardwicke was attached to the project as director; there was also
"the potential to explore a character, hopefully, over three films"; and
she wanted to portray a vampire. "[She] thought that vampires were
basically the best metaphor for human anxiety and questions about being
alive." Christian Serratos initially auditioned for Jessica Stanley, but
she "fell totally in love with Angela" after reading the books, and
successfully took advantage of a later opportunity to audition for Angela
Weber. The role of Jessica Stanley went to Anna Kendrick, who got the part
after two mix-and-match auditions with various actors.
Filming and post-production
Principal photography took 44 days, after more than a week of rehearsals,
and completed on May 2, 2008.Similar to her directorial debut thirteen,
Hardwicke opted for an extensive use of hand-held cinematography to make
the film "feel real". Meyer visited the production set thrice, and was
consulted on different aspects of the story; she also has a brief cameo in
the film. Cast members who portrayed vampires avoided sunlight to make
their skin pale, though makeup was also applied for that effect, and wore
contact lenses: "We did the golden color because the Cullens have those
golden eyes. And then, when we're hungry, we have to pop the red ones in,"
Facinelli explained. They also participated in rehearsals with a dance
choreographer and observed the physicality of different panthera to make
their bodily movements more graceful.
Scenes were filmed primarily in Portland, Oregon, and the cast did most of
their own stunt work. The fight sequence between Gigandet and Pattinson's
characters in a ballet studio, which was filmed during the first week of
production, involved a substantial amount of wire work since the vampires
in the story have superhuman strength and speed. Gigandet incorporated
some mixed martial arts fighting moves in this sequence, which also
involved chicken and honey as substitutes for flesh. Bella, the
protagonist, is unconscious during these events, and since the novel is
told from her point of view, such action sequences are illustrative and
unique to the film. Pattinson noted that maintaining one's center of
gravity is difficult when doing wire work "because you have to really
fight against it as well as letting it do what it needs to do." Lefèvre
found the experience disorienting since forward motion is out of one's
control in such work.
Instead of shooting at Forks High School itself, scenes taking place at
the school were filmed at Kalama High Schooland Madison High School.
Other scenes were also filmed in St. Helens, Oregon, and Hardwicke
conducted some reshooting in Pasadena, California, in August. The studio
intended to create a series of at least three films based on Meyer's
books,and Summit had optioned New Moon by October 2008.Twilight was
originally scheduled to be theatrically released in the United States on
December 12, 2008, but its release date was changed to November 21 after
Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince was rescheduled for an opening in
July 2009. Two teaser trailers, as well as some additional scenes, have
been released for the film. The final trailer was released on October 9. A
15-minute excerpt of Twilight was presented during the International Rome
Film Festival in Italy. The film received a rating
of PG-13 from the Motion Picture Association of America for "some violence
and a scene of sensuality". It is rated 12A in the United Kingdom and
Ireland.
Music
The score for Twilight was composed by Carter Burwell, with the rest of
the soundtrack chosen by music supervisor Alexandra Patsavas. Meyer was
consulted on the soundtrack, which includes music by Muse and Linkin Park,
bands she listened to while writing the novels. The original
soundtrack was released on November 4 by Chop Shop Records in conjunction
with Atlantic Records.The soundtrack debuted at number 1 on the Billboard
200 for the chart week of November 22.
Release
Box office
Twilight grossed over $7 million in ticket sales from midnight showings
alone on November 21, 2008. The film is third overall on online ticket
service Fandango's list of top advance ticket sales, outranked only by
Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith and The Dark Knight. It grossed
$35.7 million on its opening day, the biggest opening day gross for a
non-sequel and non-summer movie.For its opening weekend in the United
States and Canada, Twilight accumulated $69.6 million from 3,419 theaters
at an average of $20,368 per theater.
As of December 2, 2008, the film has received $143,670,148 worldwide.
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